Boron deficiency in Apples

Symptoms
Terminal buds die off. The youngest leaves first turn slightly chlorotic, then margins become scorched and roll inwards.

Reasons
Boron deficiency

Symptoms
Fruits show corking disorders and are often small and deformed.

Reasons
Boron deficiency Symptoms can be confused with calcium deficiency. But boron deficiency causes symptoms in early state of fruit development, while calcium deficiency gives symptoms a few weeks before harvesting or in store.

Symptoms
Fruits are small and deformed and necrotic with sunken areas which give a dimpled appearance

Reasons
Severe boron deficiency Symptoms can be confused with apple scab (caused by Venturia inaequalis)

Symptoms
Fruits with boron deficiency (left hand side) compared with healthy fruits. Fruits show corking disorders and some are small and deformed.

Reasons
Boron deficiency Symptoms can be confused with calcium deficiency. But boron deficiency causes symptoms in early state of fruit development, while calcium deficiency gives symptomes a few weeks before harvesting or in store.

Symptoms
Surface of fruits shows corky areas and cracks. Fruits are often small and deformed.

Reasons
Severe boron deficiency Symptoms can be confused with apple scrap (caused by Venturia inaequalis)

Symptoms
Corky spots appear on the bark of lateral shoots.

Reasons
Boron deficiency

Symptoms
Surface of fruits shows corky areas and cracks. Fruits are often small and deformed.

Reasons
Severe boron deficiency Symptoms can be confused with apple scrap (caused by Venturia inaequalis)